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Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy
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Free energy, G

(a) Uncontrolled reaction

H2O

H2 + 1/2 O2

Explosive

release of

heat and light

energy

(b) Cellular respiration

Controlled

release of

energy for

synthesis of

ATP

2 H+ + 2 e–

2 H

+

1/2 O2

(from food via NADH)

ATP

ATP

ATP

1/2 O2

2 H+

2 e–

Electron transport

chain

H2O

Slide 21

The Stages of Cellular Respiration: A Preview

The Stages of Cellular Respiration: A Preview

Cellular respiration has three stages:

Glycolysis (breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate)

The citric acid cycle (completes the breakdown of glucose)

Oxidative phosphorylation (accounts for most of the ATP synthesis)

Slide 22

Fig. 9-6-1

Fig. 9-6-1

Substrate-level

phosphorylation

ATP

Cytosol

Glucose

Pyruvate

Glycolysis

Electrons

carried

via NADH

Slide 23

Fig. 9-6-2

Fig. 9-6-2

Mitochondrion

Substrate-level

phosphorylation

ATP

Cytosol

Glucose

Pyruvate

Glycolysis

Electrons

carried

via NADH

Substrate-level

phosphorylation

ATP

Electrons carried

via NADH and

FADH2

Citric

acid

cycle

Slide 24

Fig. 9-6-3

Fig. 9-6-3

Mitochondrion

Substrate-level

phosphorylation

ATP

Cytosol

Glucose

Pyruvate

Glycolysis

Electrons

carried

via NADH

Substrate-level

phosphorylation

ATP

Electrons carried

via NADH and

FADH2

Oxidative

phosphorylation

ATP

Citric

acid

cycle

Oxidative

phosphorylation:

electron transport

and

chemiosmosis

Slide 25

The process that generates most of the ATP is called oxidative phosphorylation because it is powered by redox reactions

The process that generates most of the ATP is called oxidative phosphorylation because it is powered by redox reactions

BioFlix: Cellular Respiration

Slide 26

Oxidative phosphorylation accounts for almost 90% of the ATP generated by cellular respiration

Oxidative phosphorylation accounts for almost 90% of the ATP generated by cellular respiration

A smaller amount of ATP is formed in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle by substrate-level phosphorylation

Slide 27

Fig. 9-7

Fig. 9-7

Enzyme

ADP

P

Substrate

Enzyme

ATP

+

Product

Slide 28

Concept 9.2: Glycolysis harvests chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to pyruvate

Concept 9.2: Glycolysis harvests chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to pyruvate

Glycolysis (“splitting of sugar”) breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate

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