The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

Page
7

Animation: Enzymes

Slide 58

Fig. 5-16

Enzyme

(sucrase)

Substrate

(sucrose)

Fructose

Glucose

OH

H

O

H2O

Slide 59

Polypeptides

Polypeptides are polymers built from the same set of 20 amino acids

A protein consists of one or more polypeptides

Slide 60

Amino Acid Monomers

Amino acids are organic molecules with carboxyl and amino groups

Amino acids differ in their properties due to differing side chains, called R groups

Slide 61

Fig. 5-UN1

Amino

group

Carboxyl

group

 carbon

Slide 62

Fig. 5-17

Nonpolar

Glycine

(Gly or G)

Alanine

(Ala or A)

Valine

(Val or V)

Leucine

(Leu or L)

Isoleucine

(Ile or I)

Methionine

(Met or M)

Phenylalanine

(Phe or F)

Trypotphan

(Trp or W)

Proline

(Pro or P)

Polar

Serine

(Ser or S)

Threonine

(Thr or T)

Cysteine

(Cys or C)

Tyrosine

(Tyr or Y)

Asparagine

(Asn or N)

Glutamine

(Gln or Q)

Electrically

charged

Acidic

Basic

Aspartic acid

(Asp or D)

Glutamic acid

(Glu or E)

Lysine

(Lys or K)

Arginine

(Arg or R)

Histidine

(His or H)

Slide 63

Fig. 5-17a

Nonpolar

Glycine

(Gly or G)

Alanine

(Ala or A)

Valine

(Val or V)

Leucine

(Leu or L)

Isoleucine

(Ile or I)

Methionine

(Met or M)

Phenylalanine

(Phe or F)

Tryptophan

(Trp or W)

Proline

(Pro or P)

Slide 64

Fig. 5-17b

Polar

Asparagine

(Asn or N)

Glutamine

(Gln or Q)

Serine

(Ser or S)

Threonine

(Thr or T)

Cysteine

(Cys or C)

Tyrosine

(Tyr or Y)

Slide 65

Fig. 5-17c

Acidic

Arginine

(Arg or R)

Histidine

(His or H)

Aspartic acid

(Asp or D)

Glutamic acid

(Glu or E)

Lysine

(Lys or K)

Basic

Electrically

charged

Slide 66

Amino Acid Polymers

Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds

A polypeptide is a polymer of amino acids

Polypeptides range in length from a few to more than a thousand monomers