Themes in the Study of Life

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Medium tree finch Camarhynchus pauper

Large tree finch Camarhynchus psittacula

Small tree finch Camarhynchus parvulus

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Fig. 1-22c

Large cactus

ground finch

Geospiza conirostris

Cactus ground finch

Geospiza scandens

Small ground finch

Geospiza fuliginosa

Medium ground finch

Geospiza fortis

Large ground finch

Geospiza magnirostris

Ground finches

Seed-eaters

Cactus-flower-eaters

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Video: Albatross Courtship Ritual

Video: Blue-footed Boobies Courtship Ritual

Video: Galápagos Marine Iguana

Video: Galápagos Sea Lion

Video: Galápagos Islands Overview

Video: Galápagos Tortoise

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Concept 1.3: Scientists use two main forms of inquiry in their study of nature

The word Science is derived from Latin and means “to know”

Inquiry is the search for information and explanation

There are two main types of scientific inquiry: discovery science and hypothesis-based science

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Discovery Science

Discovery science describes natural structures and processes

This approach is based on observation and the analysis of data

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Types of Data

Data are recorded observations or items of information

Data fall into two categories

Qualitative, or descriptions rather than measurements

Quantitative, or recorded measurements, which are sometimes organized into tables and graphs

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Fig. 1-23

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Induction in Discovery Science

Inductive reasoning draws conclusions through the logical process of induction

Repeat specific observations can lead to important generalizations

For example, “the sun always rises in the east”

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Hypothesis-Based Science

Observations can lead us to ask questions and propose hypothetical explanations called hypotheses

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The Role of Hypotheses in Inquiry

A hypothesis is a tentative answer to a well-framed question

A scientific hypothesis leads to predictions that can be tested by observation or experimentation

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