Carbohydrates

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CARBOHYDRATES

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Characteristics of Carbohydrates

Consist of carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen

Energy containing molecules

Some provide structure

Basic building block is a monosaccharide (CH2O)n ; n = 3,5,6

Two monosaccharides form a disaccharide

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Different Forms of Glucose

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Three Monosaccharides

C6H12O6

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Dehydration Synthesis

of a Disaccharide

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Formation of Disaccharides

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Hydrolysis of a Disaccharide

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Important Polysaccharides: Starch

Consists of glucose subunits

Plant energy storage molecule

Glycogen is a very similar molecule in animals.

Starch and glycogen can be digested by animals.

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Important Polysaccharides: Cellulose

Composed of glucose subunits

Different bond formed than starch

Structural component in plants

Cannot be digested by animals

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Important Polysaccharides: Chitin

Glucose subunits

Partly derived from non-sugars (nitrogen)

Composes exoskeletons of insects

Note similarity to cellulose.

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