Atomic Structure and Periodic Trends

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Slide 1

Atomic Structure and Periodic Trends

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Atomic Structure and Periodic Trends

Lectures:

week1: W9 am; week2: W9 am (ICL) & 11 am (DP), F 9 am (DP); week 3: 9 am (ICL)

Books:

Inorganic Chemistry by Shriver and Atkins

Physical Chemistry by P.W.Atkins , J. De Paula

Essential Trends in Inorganic Chemistry D Mingos

Introduction to Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure

by P. A. Cox

Other resources:

Web-pages: http://timmel.chem.ox.ac.uk/lectures/

Ritchie/Titmuss, Quantum Theory of Atoms and Molecules, Hilary Term

Slide 3

Why study atomic electronic structure?

All of chemistry (+biochemistry etc.) ultimately boils down to molecular electronic structure.

Reason: electronic structure governs bonding and thus molecular structure and reactivity

Before it is possible to understand molecular electronic structure we need to introduce a number of concepts which are more easily demonstrated in atoms.

atomic structure  molecular structure  chemistry

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The Periodic Table

Mendeleyev was the first chemist to understand that all elements are related members of a single ordered system. From his table he predicted the properties of elements then unknown, of which three (gallium, scandium, and germanium) were discovered in his lifetime.

Mendeleyev,

Dmitri Ivanovich

(1834-1907)

Slide 5

This course

will introduce new concepts gradually starting with the “simplest”:

H-Atom Energy levels, Wavefunctions, Born Interpretation, Orbitals

Many electron atoms Effects of other electrons, Penetration, Quantum Defect

The Aufbau Principle Electronic Configuration of atoms and their ions

Trends in the PT Ionisation Energy, Electron Affinity, Size of atoms and ions

Slide 6

The H-Atom

H

1

1.008

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The Hydrogen Atom

The simplest possible system and the basis for all others:

Electron orbits the proton

under the influence

of the Coulomb Force:

Revision

Slide 8

H-Atom: consider the energy

v

ETotal =

c.m.

Slide 9

Energy Levels?