Minerals

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Slide 1

Minerals

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Take-Away Points

Chemical elements form in stars

Atoms bond by sharing electrons

Minerals are classified by their chemistry

Minerals can be identified by their physical properties = atomic structure

Silicates are the most important mineral group

Crystals are determined by mathematical rules called symmetry

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Composition of the Sun

1. Chemical elements form in stars

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Composition of the Sun

Abundance of Light Elements

Rarity of Lithium, Beryllium, Boron

Preference for Even Numbers

Abundance peak at Iron, trailing off after

1. Chemical elements form in stars

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How Elements Form in Stars

Sun: 4 H  He

He + particle  Mass 5 – Unstable

He + He  Mass 8 – Unstable

He + He + He  C

Add more He to make heavier elements

End of the line is iron for energy production

Atoms beyond Iron made in massive stars

1. Chemical elements form in stars

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What are Planets Made of?

Same material as Sun

Minus the elements that remain mostly in gases

We find this pattern in a certain class of meteorites

1. Chemical elements form in stars

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Chondrites

1. Chemical elements form in stars

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The Earth’s Crust looks Very Different

1. Chemical elements form in stars

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Composition of the Crust

1. Chemical elements form in stars

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Minerals are the Chemicals that make up the Earth

Naturally Occurring

Inorganic

Chemical Compounds

About 5000 Known

200 Common

20 Rock-Forming

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Atomic Bonding

1. IONS

2. Atoms bond by sharing electrons

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Atomic Bonding

2. Electrical Neutrality

(+) and (-) Cancel Out

3. Bonding (Satisfy 1 & 2)

Ionic (NaCl)