Periodictable - Questions

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Slide 1

Elements, atoms, ions, and the periodic table

Slide 2

Right now our picture of the atom: protons (+1) and neutrons (()) in nucleus and electrons (-1) in region outside the nucleus.

Electrons are involved in bond formation when compounds are formed. So we want to see if there is some order in how electrons are arranged about the nucleus. Also we want to see if there are some general trends for the elements so we can get some general idea about how groups of elements react.

Slide 3

The periodic law and the periodic table

Slide 4

Early periodic tables

1817: Döbreiner's triads – 3 elements w/ regularly varying properties: S Se Te

1865: Newlands – "law of octaves", about 55 elements

Early tables were based on mass number (A) or “combining weight”

Slide 5

Modern periodic table

1869: Mendeleev and Meyer – "properties of the elements are a periodic function of their atomic weights;" 63-element table.

1913: Moseley – X-ray emission spectra vary with atomic number (Z)

Modern periodic law:

Slide 6

: horizontal rows (seven in all); properties of elements in period show no similarity.

Note that the lanthanides (period six) and the actinides (period seven) are at the bottom of the table

Slide 7

_: (families) are the columns of elements. The elements in the groups have similar chemical properties and predictable trends in physical properties.

Groups also have labels. Group A elements are the _ elements and the Group B are the _ elements.

Note that there is another way of labeling the groups with nos. 1-18.

Slide 8

We give some groups names

IA are the

IIA the

VIIA the

VIIIA the

Slide 9

Metals and nonmetals

_ are shiny, good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, ductile, and form cations (positive ions, loss of electrons) during chemical change.

_ are not shiny. They are poor conductors, brittle. They frequently form anions (negative, gain of electrons) in chemical changes.

Slide 10