Properties of Solutions

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Slide 1

Properties of Solutions

Slide 2

CA Standards

Slide 3

Classification of Matter

Solutions are homogeneous mixtures

Slide 4

Solute

A solute is the dissolved substance in a solution.

A solvent is the dissolving medium in a solution.

Solvent

Salt in salt water

Sugar in soda drinks

Carbon dioxide in soda drinks

Water in salt water

Water in soda

Slide 5

“Like Dissolves Like”

Polar and ionic solutes dissolve best in polar solvents

Nonpolar solutes dissolve best in nonpolar solvents

Slide 6

Water’s Solvent Interactions

The oxygen (slightly negative) end of the water molecule is attracted to the positive ion of a salt.

Slide 7

Water’s Solvent Interactions

The hydrogen (slightly positive) end of the water molecule is attracted to the negative ion of a salt.

Slide 8

Solubility Trends

The solubility of MOST solids increases with temperature.

The rate at which solids dissolve increases with increasing surface area of the solid.

The solubility of gases decreases with increases in temperature.

The solubility of gases increases with the pressure above the solution.

Slide 9

Therefore…

Solids tend to dissolve best when:

Heated

Stirred

Ground into small particles

Gases tend to dissolve best when:

The solution is cold

Pressure is high

Slide 10

Solubility Chart

Slide 11

An electrolyte is:

A substance whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current.

A nonelectrolyte is:

A substance whose aqueous solution does not conduct an electric current.

Definition of Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes

Slide 12

Electrolytes vs. Nonelectrolytes

The ammeter measures the flow of electrons (current)

through the circuit.

If the ammeter measures a current, and the bulb

glows, then the solution conducts.