Blood sugar

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Objectives

Explain what is meant by the term endocrine gland.

Describe the cellular structure of an islet of Langerhans from the pancreas.

Outline the role of the pancreas as an endocrine gland.

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Pancreas

Exocrine Gland: a gland that secretes externally through a duct

Endocrine Gland: a gland that secretes hormones into the bloodstream.

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Pancreas

The pancreas has an exocrine portion that secretes digestive enzymes that are carried through a duct to the duodenum. The endocrine portion consists of the pancreatic islets, which secrete glucagons and insulin.

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Objectives

Explain how the blood glucose concentration is regulated by negative feedback control mechanisms, with reference to insulin and glucagon.

Discuss the importance of homeostasis in mammals, and explain the principles of homeostasis in terms of receptors, effectors and negative feedback.

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Hormones

Most hormones circulate in blood, coming into contact with essentially all cells. However, a given hormone usually affects only a limited number of cells, which are called target cells. A target cell responds to a hormone because it bears receptors for the hormone.

The effector is usually an organ.

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Objectives

Explain the advantages of treating diabetics with human insulin produced by genetic engineering.

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