Cell Types and Cell Structure

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Slide 1

Cell Types and Cell Structure

Slide 2

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic

no nucleus

no membrane enclosed organelles

single chromosome

no streaming in the cytoplasm

cell division without mitosis

simple flagella

smaller ribosomes

simple cytoskeleton

no cellulose in cell walls

no histone proteins

nucleus

membrane enclosed organelle

chromosomes in pairs

streaming in the cytoplasm

cell division by mitosis

complex flagella

larger ribosomes

complex cytoskeleton

cellulose in cell walls

DNA bound to histone proteins

Slide 3

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic

Examples:

Bacteria

Examples:

Plant cells

Animal cells

Fungi

Protists

Slide 4

Plasma Membrane

Plasma membrane

1. Surrounds Cells

2. Protected by cellulose and protein cell wall in

plants

Slide 5

Cytoplasm

Cytoplasm

1. Fluid (Cytosol) and organelles that make up

the inside of the cell

Slide 6

Nucleus

Nucleus

1. Membranous nuclear envelope

2. Chromosomes of DNA and protein (Histones)

Slide 7

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

1. Rough ER - Transport of proteins (roughness

is the attached ribosomes)

2. Smooth ER – Processing and transport of lipids

Slide 8

Ribosomes

Ribosomes

1. Attached to Rough ER

2. Site of protein synthesis

Slide 9

Golgi Apparatus

Golgi Apparatus (Golgi body, Golgi complex)

1. Assembly and editing of proteins

Slide 10

Lysosomes

Lysosomes

1. Contain enzymes that break down and help

recycle large proteins in animal cells

Slide 11

Mitochondria

Mitochondria

1. Powerhouse ‑ site of ATP synthesis

Slide 12

Flagella and Cilia

Flagella and Cilia

1. Cell surface projections for movement