Structure od DNA

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Slide 1

AS Biology. Gnetic control of protein structure and function

Genetic control of protein structure and function

Slide 2

AS Biology.

Gnetic control of protein structure and function

The structure of DNA and RNA

Genetic material of living organisms is either DNA or RNA.

DNA – Deoxyribonucleic acid

RNA – Ribonucleic acid

Genes are lengths of DNA that code for particular proteins.

Slide 3

AS Biology. Gnetic control of protein structure and function

DNA and RNA are polynucleotides

Both DNA and RNA are polynucleotides.

They are made up of smaller molecules called nucleotides.

DNA is made of two polynucleotide strands:

RNA is made of a single polynucleotide strand:

Nucleotide

Nucleotide

Nucleotide

Nucleotide

Nucleotide

Nucleotide

Nucleotide

Nucleotide

Nucleotide

Nucleotide

Nucleotide

Nucleotide

Nucleotide

Nucleotide

Nucleotide

Nucleotide

Slide 4

AS Biology. Gnetic control of protein structure and function

Structure of a nucleotide

A nucleotide is made of 3 components:

A Pentose sugar

This is a 5 carbon sugar

The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose.

The sugar in RNA is ribose.

Slide 5

AS Biology.

Gnetic control of protein structure and function

Structure of a nucleotide

A Phosphate group

Phosphate groups are important because they link the sugar on one nucleotide onto the phosphate of the next nucleotide to make a polynucleotide.

Slide 6

AS Biology. Gnetic control of protein structure and function

Structure of a nucleotide

A Nitogenous base

In DNA the four bases are:

Thymine

Adenine

Cytosine

Guanine

In RNA the four bases are:

Uracil

Adenine

Cytosine

Guanine

Slide 7

AS Biology. Gnetic control of protein structure and function

Nitrogenous bases – Two types

Pyramidines

Thymine - T

Cytosine - C

Uracil - U

Purines

Adenine - A

Guanine - G

Slide 8

AS Biology. Gnetic control of protein structure and function

Adenine

Slide 9

AS Biology. Gnetic control of protein structure and function

Guanine