Alpha Particles

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Slide 12

Radioactive Atom

X-ray

gamma ray

Slide 13

Direct Ionization Caused By:

Protons

Alpha Particles

Beta Particles

Positron Particles

Slide 14

Indirect Ionization Caused By:

Neutrons

Gamma Rays

X-Rays

Slide 15

DNA and Radiation

Slide 16

Ionizing Radiation at the Cellular Level

Causes breaks in one or both DNA strands or;

Causes Free Radical formation

Slide 17

Commonly Transported Radioisotopes

Americium-241= Diagnose thyroid disorders, smoke detectors.

Cesium-137= Cancer treatment.

Iodine-125,131= Diagnosis & treatment liver, kidney,heart, lung and brain.

Technetium-99m=Bone and brain imaging; thyroid and liver studies; localization of brain tumors.

Slide 18

Radiation Measurement

Terminology:

Exposure rate = amount radiation possible to receive per unit time.

Dose = total amount of radiation received.

Slide 19

Radiation and Radioactivity: Units and Quantities

Department of Health

Bureau of Radiation Control

Slide 20

Introduction

Quantities (mass, volume, time, etc.) vs. Units (grams, gallons, hours)

Units of exposure, radioactivity, and energy associated with ionizing radioactivity

As hours and minutes are to time .

Slide 21

Objectives

Define

ROENTGEN, RAD, REM, CURIE, GRAY, SIEVERT, BECQUEREL.

SI units vs. Standard English units

Discuss the use and conversion of unit prefixes

Transform units using “unit analysis”

Slide 22

Background

Early risk associated with use of ionizing radiation

skin erythema dose - 25yrs

1928 - ROENTGEN introduced by ICRP

Slide 23

Roentgen

Slide 24

Roentgen

Pronounced rent’gen with a hard “g”

Limitations

only applies to photons