Immune System

Page
1

Slide 1

The Immune System

Slide 2

Vocabulary

Infection

Invasion by foreign organisms such as viruses, fungi, bacteria

Immunity

Long term resistance to re-infection by organisms previously encountered

Antigens

Any material that elicits an immune response

Slide 3

Types of Immunity

Innate (inborn) immunity

Immunity that is genetically coded

You never suffer from an illness for which you have innate immunity

Acquired (adaptive) immunity

Active

As a response to an actual or artificial exposure

Passive

Immunity introduced by antibodies from an outside source

Slide 4

Slide 5

Lymphocytes – Immune Cells

Bone marrow makes a variety of B cells

B cells produce antibodies

Thymus makes a variety of T cells

Killer T cells are responsible for cell-mediated (non-specific response to antigen) immunity

Helper T cells interact with B cells to produce antibodies

Suppressor T cells interact with B cells to suppress antibody production

Slide 6

Antibodies

Highly specific proteins that bind to “nonself” materials

Each B cell can make only one antibody, and all descendents will produce the same antibody

B Cells have antibodies on their surface identical to the one that they produce

Long lived B cells (Memory Cells) quickly produce large quantities of antibodies to prevent illness

Slide 7

Antibody Structure

Slide 8

Edward Jenner and Smallpox (1798)

Observation

Milk maids who got cowpox were resistant to cowpox

Experiment

Injected a boy with pus from cowpox sores on infected udders

Results

Boy was protected against smallpox

Vaccination, from vaca, Latin for cow

Slide 9

Slide 10

Small Pox

Vaccination led to world-wide eradication announced in 1979 by World Health Organization

Slide 11

Polio: Not Eradicated

Slide 12

Diptheria: Not Eradicated