Classification

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Most are unicellular

Some are multicellular

Some are autotrophic, while others are heterotrophic

Aquatic

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Fungi

Multicellular, except yeast

Absorptive heterotrophs (digest food outside their body & then absorb it)

Cell walls made of chitin

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Plantae

Multicellular

Autotrophic

Absorb sunlight to make glucose – Photosynthesis

Cell walls made of cellulose

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Animalia

Multicellular

Ingestive heterotrophs (consume food & digest it inside their bodies)

Feed on plants or animals

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Taxons

Most genera contain a number of similar species

The genus Homo is an exception (only contains modern humans)

Classification is based on evolutionary relationships

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Basis for Modern Taxonomy

Homologous structures (same structure, different function)

Similar embryo development

Molecular Similarity in DNA, RNA, or amino acid sequence of Proteins

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Homologous Structures (BONES in the FORELIMBS) shows Similarities in mammals.

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Similarities in Vertebrate Embryos

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Cladogram

Diagram showing how organisms are related based on shared, derived characteristics such as feathers, hair, or scales

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Primate Cladogram

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Dichotomous Keying

Used to identify organisms

Characteristics given in pairs

Read both characteristics and either go to another set of characteristics OR identify the organism

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Example of Dichotomous Key

1a Tentacles present – Go to 2

1b Tentacles absent – Go to 3

2a Eight Tentacles – Octopus

2b More than 8 tentacles – 3

3a Tentacles hang down – go to 4

3b Tentacles upright–Sea Anemone