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Fission and Fusion
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Slide 25

Energy from Fission

Energy from Fission

mass difference, m = total mass before fission – total mass after fission

m = 3.91815 x 10-25 – 3.91550 x 10-25

m = 2.65 x 10-28 kg

This reduction in mass results in the release of energy.

Slide 26

Energy Released

Energy Released

The energy released can be calculated using the equation:

E = mc2

Where:

E = energy released (J)

m = mass difference (kg)

c = speed of light in a vacuum (3 x 108 ms-1)

Slide 27

Energy from Fission

Energy from Fission

E = mc2

Calculate the energy released from the following fission reaction:

m = 2.65 x 10-28 kg

c = 3 x 108 ms-1

E = E

E = 2.65 x 10-28 x (3 x 108)2

E = 2.385 x 10-11 J

Slide 28

Energy from Fission

Energy from Fission

The energy released from this fission reaction does not seem a lot.

This is because it is produced from the fission of a single nucleus.

Large amounts of energy are released when a large number of nuclei undergo fission reactions.

Slide 29

Energy from Fission

Energy from Fission

Each uranium-235 atom has a mass of 3.9014 x 10-25 kg.

The total number of atoms in 1 kg of uranium-235 can be found as follows:

No. of atoms in 1 kg of uranium-235 = 1/3.9014 x 10-25

No. of atoms in 1 kg of uranium-235 = 2.56 x 1024 atoms

Slide 30

Energy from Fission

Energy from Fission

If one uranium-235 atom undergoes a fission reaction and releases 2.385 x 10-11 J of energy, then the amount of energy released by 1 kg of uranium-235 can be calculated as follows:

total energy = energy per fission x number of atoms

total energy = 2.385 x 10-11 x 2.56 x 1024

total energy = 6.1056 x 1013 J

Slide 31

Nuclear Fusion

Nuclear Fusion

In nuclear fusion, two nuclei with low mass numbers combine to produce a single nucleus with a higher mass number.

Slide 32

The Fusion Process

The Fusion Process

Slide 33

The Fusion Process

The Fusion Process

Slide 34

The Fusion Process

The Fusion Process

Slide 35

The Fusion Process

The Fusion Process

Slide 36

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