Macromolecules

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Macromolecules

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Organic Compounds

Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic.

Macromolecules are large organic molecules.

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Carbon (C)

Carbon has 4 electrons in outer shell.

Carbon can form covalent bonds with as many as 4 other atoms (elements).

Usually with C, H, O or N.

Example: CH4(methane)

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Macromolecules

Large organic molecules.

Also called POLYMERS.

Made up of smaller “building blocks” called MONOMERS.

Examples:

1. Carbohydrates

2. Lipids

3. Proteins

4. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)

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Question: How Are Macromolecules Formed?

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Answer: Dehydration Synthesis

Also called “condensation reaction”

Forms polymers by combining monomers by “removing water”.

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Question: How are Macromolecules separated or digested?

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Answer: Hydrolysis

Separates monomers by “adding water”

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Carbohydrates

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Carbohydrates

Small sugar molecules to large sugar molecules.

Examples:

A. monosaccharide

B. disaccharide

C. polysaccharide

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Carbohydrates

Monosaccharide: one sugar unit

Examples: glucose (C6H12O6)

deoxyribose

ribose

Fructose

Galactose

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Carbohydrates

Disaccharide: two sugar unit

Examples:

Sucrose (glucose+fructose)

Lactose (glucose+galactose)

Maltose (glucose+glucose)

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Carbohydrates

Polysaccharide: many sugar units

Examples: starch (bread, potatoes)

glycogen (beef muscle)

cellulose (lettuce, corn)

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Lipids

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