Cellular respiration

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1. Glycolysis

B. Energy Yielding Phase

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1. Glycolysis

Total Net Yield

2 - 3C-Pyruvate (PYR)

2 - ATP (Substrate-level Phosphorylation)

2 - NADH

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Substrate-Level Phosphorylation

ATP is formed when an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP.

Example:

PEP to PYR

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Fermentation

Occurs in cytosol when “NO Oxygen” is present (called anaerobic).

Remember: glycolysis is part of fermentation.

Two Types:

1. Alcohol Fermentation

2. Lactic Acid Fermentation

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Alcohol Fermentation

Plants and Fungi  beer and wine

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Alcohol Fermentation

End Products: Alcohol fermentation

2 - ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation)

2 - CO2

2 - Ethanol’s

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Lactic Acid Fermentation

Animals (pain in muscle after a workout).

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Lactic Acid Fermentation

End Products: Lactic acid fermentation

2 - ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation)

2 - Lactic Acids

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2. Grooming Phase

Occurs when Oxygen is present (aerobic).

2 Pyruvate (3C) molecules are transported through the mitochondria membrane to the matrix and is converted to 2 Acetyl CoA (2C) molecules.

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2. Grooming Phase

End Products: grooming phase

2 - NADH

2 - CO2

2- Acetyl CoA (2C)

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3. Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

Location: mitochondrial matrix.

Acetyl CoA (2C) bonds to Oxalacetic acid (4C - OAA) to make Citrate (6C).

It takes 2 turns of the krebs cycle to oxidize 1 glucose molecule.

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3. Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

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3. Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

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3. Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

Total net yield (2 turns of krebs cycle)