Mendelian Genetics

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Mendelelian Genetics

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Gregor Mendel (1822-1884)

Responsible for the Laws governing Inheritance of Traits

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Gregor Johann Mendel

Austrian monk

Studied the inheritance of traits in pea plants

Developed the laws of inheritance

Mendel's work was not recognized until the turn of the 20th century

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Gregor Johann Mendel

Between 1856 and 1863, Mendel cultivated and tested some 28,000 pea plants

He found that the plants' offspring retained traits of the parents

Called the “Father of Genetics"

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Site of Gregor Mendel’s experimental garden in the Czech Republic

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Mendel stated that physical traits are inherited as “particles”

Mendel did not know that the “particles” were actually Chromosomes & DNA

Particulate Inheritance

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Genetic Terminology

Trait - any characteristic that can be passed from parent to offspring

Heredity - passing of traits from parent to offspring

Genetics - study of heredity

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Types of Genetic Crosses

Monohybrid cross - cross involving a single trait e.g. flower color

Dihybrid cross - cross involving two traits e.g. flower color & plant height

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Punnett Square

Used to help solve genetics problems

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Designer “Genes”

Alleles - two forms of a gene (dominant & recessive)

Dominant - stronger of two genes expressed in the hybrid; represented by a capital letter (R)

Recessive - gene that shows up less often in a cross; represented by a lowercase letter (r)

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More Terminology

Genotype - gene combination for a trait (e.g. RR, Rr, rr)

Phenotype - the physical feature resulting from a genotype (e.g. red, white)

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