The Dutch and French Colonies in the New World

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Slide 9

New Netherland Society

Charter of Privileges & Exemptions (1629) allowed directors who planted 50 colonists in 4 years to govern large estates (patroonships) autonomously

Only Renesselaerswyk was successful

Couldn’t recreate European social order & manage estates long-distance

1639 - all people to participate in fur trade

doubled population from 1,000 to 2,000

Relations with “Wilden” soured by daily provocations & culture clashes

Kiliaen Van Rensselaer

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Slide 10

English Conquest

Peter Stuyvesant became governor in 1647

Settled Conn. Boundary & conquered Swedish colony to the south

Clashed with local elites

King Charles II granted land to his brother James, Duke of York & Albany

Stuyvesant forced to surrender to English in 1664 without a fight

New Netherlands & New Amsterdam became New York, and Ft. Orange became Albany

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Slide 11

French Colonization

Jacques Cartier explored America 1536-42

Planted cross on Gaspé Peninsula in 1534

Visited Stadacona (Quebec) & Hochelaga (Montreal) in 1535-36

Est. short-lived colony of "Charlesbourg- Royal," near Stadacona, 1541-42.

Turmoil in France prevented follow-up

Samuel de Champlain made several voyages beginning in 1603

Helped est. settlements at Ste. Croix & Port Royal

Founded first permanent French settlement at Quebec in 1608

Allied with Hurons against Iriquois

Jacques Cartier

Samuel de Champlain

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Slide 12

New France

Company of New France (100 Associates) owned colony, 1627-1663

Became royal colony in 1663, with Jean-Baptiste Talon as superintendant

Father Jacques Marquette & Louis Jolliet explored Great Lakes & upper Mississippi valley in 1673

René-Robert Cavalier, Sieur de La Salle, sailed down the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico in 1679-82

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Slide 13

New France & Louisiana

Population grew slowly

1663: 3,050; 1700: 15,000

Partly because King Louis XIV refused to allow Huguenots to settle there

Dependent on Indian allies, so tended to treat them better than English & Spanish did

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