Biotechnology

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15

As biotechnology continues to change, so does its use in agriculture, industry, and medicine

National agencies and international organizations strive to set guidelines for safe and ethical practices in the use of biotechnology

Slide 111

Fig. 20-UN3

Cut by same restriction enzyme, mixed, and ligated

DNA fragments from genomic DNA or cDNA or copy of DNA obtained by PCR

Vector

Recombinant DNA plasmids

Slide 112

Fig. 20-UN4

G

Aardvark DNA

Plasmid

5

3

3

TCCATGAATTCTAAAGCGCTTATGAATTCACGGC

5

AGGTACTTAAGATTTCGCGAATACTTAAGTGCCG

A

C

T

T

A

A

A

G

T

T

C

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Fig. 20-UN5

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Fig. 20-UN6

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Fig. 20-UN7

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You should now be able to:

Describe the natural function of restriction enzymes and explain how they are used in recombinant DNA technology

Outline the procedures for cloning a eukaryotic gene in a bacterial plasmid

Define and distinguish between genomic libraries using plasmids, phages, and cDNA

Describe the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and explain the advantages and limitations of this procedure

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Explain how gel electrophoresis is used to analyze nucleic acids and to distinguish between two alleles of a gene

Describe and distinguish between the Southern blotting procedure, Northern blotting procedure, and RT-PCR

Distinguish between gene cloning, cell cloning, and organismal cloning

Describe how nuclear transplantation was used to produce Dolly, the first cloned sheep

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Describe the application of DNA technology to the diagnosis of genetic disease, the development of gene therapy, vaccine production, and the development of pharmaceutical products

Define a SNP and explain how it may produce a RFLP

Explain how DNA technology is used in the forensic sciences

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Discuss the safety and ethical questions related to recombinant DNA studies and the biotechnology industry