Acids, Bases, & Salts

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Conjugate acid- compound formed when an base gains a hydrogen ion.

Conjugate base – compound formed when an acid loses a hydrogen ion.

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pH Scale

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pH of Common Substances

Timberlake, Chemistry 7th Edition, page 335

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Reactions with indicators

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pH paper

pH paper changes color to indicate a specific pH value.

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Buffers

A buffer is a solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acids and bases are added.

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Situations in which pH is controlled

“Heartburn”

Planting vegetables and flowers

Fish Tanks and Ponds

Blood

Swimming pools

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Acids and Bases in Solution

HCl + H20  H3O + + Cl- (more hydronium ions, more acidic)

NaOH in water  Na+ + OH- (more hydroxide ions, more basic)

NaOH + HCl  NaCl + HOH Acid + Base yields type of salt and water

NH3 + H20  NH4+ + OH- ammonia gas + water yields ammonium and hydroxide ions

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Acid Rain

Pollution in the air (sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide) combines with water to form various acids.

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Rapid changes in pH can kill fish and other organisms in lakes and streams.

Soil pH is affected and can kill plants and create sinkholes

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What is a SALT?

A salt is a neutral substance produced from the reaction of an acid and a base.

Composed of the negative ion of an acid and the positive ion of a base.

One of the products of a Neutralization Reaction

Examples: KCl, MgSO4, Na3PO4

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Neutralization Reaction

A neutralization reaction is the reaction of an acid with a base to produce salt and water.