Communism and the Cold War

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Slide 1

Communism and the Cold War

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Slide 2

Early Soviet Union under communism

Lenin comes to power by means of a disciplined hierarchical party, soon including what would become the KGB.

First four years, civil war with Czar supporters, aided by U.S.

1921 Introduced the New Economic Policy

1924 Lenin dies

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Slide 3

The General Secretary emerges

Lenin’s testament

By 1927 Stalin emerges as most powerful figure

1929 rejects NEP, begins forced industrialization

in the countryside, collectivization

millions starve

1930s, purges and show trials

100,000s executed, maybe 5 million died in gulag

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Slide 4

Trotsky and Kamenev disappear

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Slide 5

Great Patriotic War

USSR was probably most responsible for Allied victory

also suffered the most--over 20 million died

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Slide 6

(Relative) thaw

1953 Stalin dies

1956 Krushchev gives “secret speech” denouncing Stalin and the cult of personality

reorients economy more towards consumer goods, housing

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Slide 7

COLD WAR

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Slide 8

Post war period

expanded soviet sphere--in defiance of Yalta Accord

--buffer or expansionism?

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Slide 9

iron curtain

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Slide 10

US response

1947 Truman announces that US will aid any country resisting “outside pressures”

lesson learned from appeasing Hitler

Marshall Plan

US provides 13 billion to western Europe (then Japan, Korea, and Taiwan) to rebuild

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Slide 11

Cold War intensifies

1948 Berlin blockade and airlift

1949 Soviets test the atomic bomb

China “goes communist”

America “goes McCarthyite”

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Slide 12

China--since 1949