Nutritional requirements

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Nutritional Requirements by SG Bhuvan kumar

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Nutritional Requirements

Nutrition means either preparation of food or Supply of nutrients for the release of energy.

The chemical substances required for the production of energy, for the growth and for body building are called Nutrients

The procurement of nutrients is called Nutrition

The important nutrients required for the body are carbohydrates, fats, proteins , vitamins and minerals

Some nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, fats and mineral like sodium are required in large quantities and they are known as Macro-nutrients.

Some nutrients like vitamins and minerals like iron, zinc molybdenum etc are required in very minute doses, (even in micrograms), are known as micro-nutrients.

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Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are a group of compounds with Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen.

They are classified into two groups – Simple Carbohydrates and Complex Carbohydrates.

Simple Carbohydrates are sugars like Glucose, Fructose etc.,

Complex Carbohydrates are Sucrose, Maltose, Lactose etc.,

Cellulose is present in plant cells and it is not digested in the human digestive system.

It has no nutritive value in man but the presence of cellulose in food helps to avoid constipation.

Excess glucose is converted into

non-essential amino acids,

glycogen and

Fats.

One gram of Carbohydrates gives 4 kilo calories of energy

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Glycogen is called Animal Starch

Lactose is called Milk sugar

Sucrose is called cane sugar.

Sports persons take glucose to get instant energy

If we eat only rice, only carbohydrates are supplied to the body and body building materials (proteins) will be deficient.

If we eat only proteins, body will be built up but for daily metabolic activities, energy will not be supplied.

Hence for healthy growth, all type of nutrients are required for the body.

Food having all the nutrients in required quantity for the body is called Balanced diet.

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Proteins

Proteins are body building substances with Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen. and Sulphur in small amounts.

Proteins have 24 types of amino acids, out of these 20 are present in most of the proteins

Based on our requirement, amino acids are classified into

Essential amino acids and

Non-essential amino acids.

Examples of essential amino acids are Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine etc.,

Examples of Non-essential amino acids are Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic acid etc.