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Gender and Plains Indian Warfare
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The Plains Indians

The Plains Indians

Ecology, Warfare and Gender

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Slide 2

Plains Indian warfare has frequently been portrayed as a contest among men to gain prestige rather than as a system of deadly combat in which men were brutally killed and through which groups of people competed over resources.

Plains Indian warfare has frequently been portrayed as a contest among men to gain prestige rather than as a system of deadly combat in which men were brutally killed and through which groups of people competed over resources.

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Slide 3

"Plains Indians fought not for territorial aggrandizement, nor for the victor's spoils, but above all because fighting was a game worth while because of the social recognition it brought when played according to the rules.“

"Plains Indians fought not for territorial aggrandizement, nor for the victor's spoils, but above all because fighting was a game worth while because of the social recognition it brought when played according to the rules.“

--Robert Lowie (1920)

"Plains warfare was almost as stylized as a medieval tournament, and was seen by its participants not so much as a way to kill enemies as a means of demonstrating personal skill and bravery…."

--J. Donald Hughes (1983)

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Slide 4

However

However

Plains Indian warfare evolved as a predictable outcome of increasing population growth and resource competition.

The evolution of Plains Indian ecology and warfare constituted a positive-feedback system resulting from the infusion of new subsistence technologies and a new productive relationship between Indians and resources.

The changing Population/Resource relationships on the plains also resulted in fundamental changes in gender roles and in gender-related behavior.

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Slide 5

Native American Culture Areas

Native American Culture Areas

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Slide 6

Principal Natural Communities

Principal Natural Communities

Prairie vs. Plains

* * *

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Slide 7

Cold Wet

Cold Wet

Cold Dry

Warm Dry

Warm Wet

Climatic Regions on the Great Plains

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Slide 8

Principal Food Sources

Principal Food Sources

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Slide 9

Pre-Horse Northwest Plains - (Blackfoot & Crow)

Pre-Horse Northwest Plains - (Blackfoot & Crow)

Subsistence economy - hunting and gathering

Surround-type hunting (impounding and cliff stampedes)

Labor intensive

Extensive preparation

Required considerable cooperation and organization

Hunting was difficult, unpredictable, precarious and required great skill

Important role of women in subsistence

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