Animal Reproduction

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Animal Gamete Production and Delivery

To reproduce sexually, animals must have systems that produce gametes.

In most species individuals have gonads = sex organs that produce gametes.

Some simple systems do not have gonads, but gametes form from undifferentiated tissue.

The most complex systems contain many sets of accessory tubes and glands that carry, nourish, and protect gametes and developing embryos.

Slide 19

Most insects have separate sexes with complex reproductive systems.

In many insects, the female has a spermatheca in which sperm is stored during copulation.

Accessory gland

Ejaculatory duct

Testis

Vas deferens

Seminal vesicle

Penis

Ovary

Oviduct

Spermatheca

Vagina

Accessory gland

(a) Male honeybee (drone)

(b) Female honeybee (queen)

Slide 20

Genital pore

(Digestive tract)

Male organs:

Seminal vesicle

Sperm duct (vas deferens)

Vas efferens

Testis

Female organs:

Uterus Yolk gland

Yolk duct

Oviduct

Ovary

Seminal receptacle

(Excretory pore)

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Reproductive anatomy

of a hermaphrodite

Slide 21

A cloaca is a common opening between the external environment and the digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems.

A cloaca is common in nonmammalian vertebrates; mammals usually have a separate opening to the digestive tract.

Slide 22

Reproductive organs produce and transport gametes

The following section focuses on the human reproductive system.

Slide 23

Female Reproductive Anatomy

The female external reproductive structures include the clitoris and two sets of labia.

The internal organs are a pair of gonads and a system of ducts and chambers that carry gametes and house the embryo and fetus.

Slide 24

Reproductive anatomy of the human female

Oviduct

Ovary

Uterus

(Urinary bladder)

(Pubic bone)

Urethra

(Rectum)

Cervix

Vagina

Shaft

Glans

Prepuce

Clitoris

Labia minora

Labia majora

Vaginal opening

Ovaries

Uterus

Follicles

Oviduct

Cervix

Corpus luteum

Uterine wall

Endometrium

Vagina

Slide 25

Ovaries = Female Gonads