Atomic Structure and Periodic Trends

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Ti3+

1s22s22p63s23p63d1

Slide 109

Sc

Ti

1s22s22p63s23p63d14s2

1s22s22p63s23p63d24s2

V

1s22s22p63s23p63d34s2

Cr

1s22s22p63s23p6

Mn

1s22s22p63s23p63d54s2

Fe

Co

1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2

1s22s22p63s23p63d74s2

Ni

1s22s22p63s23p63d84s2

Cu

1s22s22p63s23p6

Zn

1s22s22p63s23p63d104s2

Ar

Slide 110

Now, we should really understand the Structure of the periodic table

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

s1

s2

p1

p2

p3

p4

p5

p6

s-block

p-block

d1

d2

d3

d4

d5

d6

d7

d8

d9

d10

d-block

4f

5f

Slide 111

Electron Configuration of Ba

1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d105p66s2

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

4f

5f

Slide 112

The Lanthanides

Slide 113

TheActinides

Slide 114

3d

4d

5d

6d

4f

5f

Inner Transition Metals

(f1-14)

Transition Metals

(d1-10)

Noble

Gases

Halogens

(p5)

2p

3p

4p

5p

6p

7p

1s

2s

3s

4s

5s

6s

7s

Alkaline

Earth Metals (s2)

Alkali

Metals (s1)

Slide 115

3d

4d

5d

6d

2p

3p

4p

5p

6p

7p

1s

2s

3s

4s

5s

6s

7s

4f

5f

The Periodic Table of the Elements

Slide 116

Slide 117

Periodic Trends

Slide 118

Periodic Trends

1) Effective Nuclear Charge - Zeff

2s – 3s: Zeff greater for 3s probably due to actual higher overall charge

Slide 119

Periodic Trends – (Zeff/n)2

Increase across periods unchanged

(but note that relative slopes are different)for (Zeff/n)2)

BUT

(Zeff/n)2

H(1)

Li(2s)

Na(3s)

Zeff

1

1.26

1.85

1

0.40

0.38

Slide 120

M(g)

M+(g) + e-(g)

Ionization is the process that removes an electron from the neutral gas phase atom, eg,